GEOGRAPHY
The area of India is 3 287 263 km2. The northern border of the country runs along the Himalayan chain, the highest mountains in the world, stretching from the south-east to the north-west, separating India from China. Located in the east of Bhutan, and Nepal is almost entirely mountainous, just like Sikkim, Darjeeling, northern part of Uttar Pradeśu, Himacal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
Himalayas, contrary to appearances, they are not a single strand – they are made up of a dozen or so mountain ranges, separated by picturesque valleys. These include the Kulu Valley, located on the territory of Himaćal Pradeśu, as well as the Kashmir Basin, located in Kashmir and Jammu, and the Nepalese valley of Kathmandu. Before Sikkim was incorporated into India, the highest peak in the country was Nanda Dewi (7817 m n.p.m.), however, now Kanchendzanga has priority (8598 m n.p.m.). Behind the Himalayas lies the dry and barren Tibetan Plateau, a small part of which is also found in India.
Pasmo Siwalik, the southernmost foothill of the Himalayas, it breaks off suddenly, going into the Hindustan Plain. This plateau, whose landscape stands out clearly from the neighboring mountain areas, goes down very slowly, so that the difference between the height, where Delhi is located, and the area around the Bay of Bengal is only 200 m. The largest river in the country, the irrigating northern part of the lowland, is Ganges, whose source is in the Himalayas. Equally powerful is the Brahmaputra that flows from the northeast. In the northwest, in Ladakh, has its source Indus, which, however, turns its further course towards the lands belonging to Pakistan, becoming the main river of this country.
South of the Hindustan Plain lies the Dekan Highlands, bounded in the east and west by two mountain ranges. The Western Ghats are taller and cover a larger area than the Eastern Ghats on the other side of the peninsula. Both strands meet in the south, in the Nilgiri Mountains, where famous resorts are located: Matheran i Mahalbaleśwar, located near Mumbai (the current name is Mumbai), in the Western Ghats, and Uti (Ooty) and Kodajkanal, on the territory of Nilgiri. The largest rivers in this part of the country are Godavari and Krishna, which originate in the eastern part of the Western Ghats, flow through the Deccan, then they fall into the sea on the east coast.
The north-eastern border of the country is the foothills of the Himalayas, separating India from Burma. Located west of this country, Bangladesh, a lowland country in the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, it is surrounded on three sides by the lands belonging to India, whose eastern border almost reaches the sea.
In the west, India is separated from Pakistan by three distinct regions. In the north is Kashmir, to which both countries claim. The western border of India rests on the Himalayan mountain ranges, which then pass into the lowlands of the Punjab, ending in the Thar Desert, located in the western part of Rajasthan. This area, although dry and ineffective, is one of the most beautiful places in the country. The state of Gujarat is separated from the Pakistani province of Sind by a marshy area, called the Rann of Kutch (Kacchh). In the dry season, the wetlands dry up, and only single salt islands remain on the surface. In the rainy season, this area turns into a large body of water.