SYSTEM
The government of India is modeled on that of the United States. The state is a republic, in which legislative power is exercised by the parliament, consisting of two chambers: the lower house of the People (Parliament) and the upper house of state (Raddja Assembly).
The lower house is counting 544 members (including the marshal), only two of which are not elected by popular vote. Elections, in which all citizens above participate 18 age, are held every 5 years, however, the government has the right to conduct it before that time.
WITH 544 credentials 125 it is reserved for non-caste peoples and tribesmen (Look: Population chapter). It creates a higher chamber 245 deputies; unlike Lok Sabha, it cannot be dissolved.
Each state has its own legislature, Zwane Vidhan Sabha. These chambers together with the parliament elect the president, who is officially the head of state, however, the greatest power rests in the hands of the prime minister.
Within the state, there is a strict division of tasks between the federal government and state authorities. Police, education, agriculture and industry are subject to the former, while decisions concerning other sectors of the economy are made at both levels.
The federal government has the right to intervene in any state, if his political situation seems insufficiently stabilized. This controversial privilege has been used several times in recent years, known as presidential governments – m.in. in the pentjab in years 1985-1992, Kashmir in 1990 r. and Assama v 1991 r., to bring the principles of democracy back in there. Similar governments were to help stabilize the political situation in Goa, Tamil-hope, Pudducheri (Pondichery), Harja-nie and Meghalaji w 1991 r. and in Naga in 1992 r. States, which to this day report directly to the federal government is Kashmir, He dies oraz Naga.
The current government, headed by P V Narasimha Rao, is a minority government, because the Indian National Congress (1) it failed to win an absolute majority in the elections in 1991 r. At the beginning 1994 r. the situation in parliament was as follows: Congress (1) – 258 credentials, BJP – 118, Dźanata Dal – 39, CPI (M) – 36, CPI – 14, non-partisan – 79.
Despite the several declines in popularity, the Indian national party BJP, otherwise known as Congress (2), India's main opposition party, has gained many followers in recent years, taking full power in Gujarat. She also managed to secure a majority in the state chambers of Uttar Pradesh, Great Pradeśu, Himacal Pradesu and Rajasthan, however, the destruction of the Babri Mosque in the city of Ayodhya led to the dissolution of the local parliaments. In a new election, which were carried out in the years 1994 i 1995, the BPJ party won a majority now only in Gujarat.
Emblem, flag and anthem
There are three horizontal stripes in colors on the Indian flag: orange, white and dark green. Navy blue circle, which is inside, called chaldim, it is based on an ornamental theme from the famous Asoka Column in Samathu.
The words for the Indian national anthem are taken from a Hindu poem by Rabindranath Tagore. In translation, they read as follows:
You are the ruler of human minds, the creator of our fate.
Your name warms the hearts of the Punjab,
Sindu, Gujarat, Marathas,
Drawids, Orisy i Bengalu.
It echoes back in Windhya and the Himalayas, it hums in the currents of Jamuna and Ganges, the waves of the ocean shout at them.
We pray for your blessing and praise your power.
Our life is in your hands.
You are the creator of our fate.
Victory, the victory is yours.